Private IPv6 address range

If you have multiple locations/sites/networks, you should assign each one a different “Subnet ID”, but use the same “Global” ID for all of them.

The IPv6 address space is so huge (2128) that everyone should be able to get a public IP address for every device they will ever own. So theoretically it shouldn’t be necessary to have private IPv6 addresses like the 192.168.x.x and 10.x.x.x addresses in IPv4.

Prefix/L:   fd
Global ID:   1caedd49f6
Subnet ID:   5cf2
Combined/CID:   fd1c:aedd:49f6:5cf2::/64
IPv6 addresses:   fd1c:aedd:49f6:5cf2:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx
Start Range: fd1c:aedd:49f6:5cf2:0:0:0:0
End Range:   fd1c:aedd:49f6:5cf2:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff
No. of host: 18446744073709551616

Subnet Mask:

We used to do subnet masks in IPv4 with notation like 255.255.255.0, but in IPv6, while we still do subnetting, the notation is different in two ways.

We now write subnets using a slash and a number that denotes the masking. So it’ll look like IPV6ADDRESS/64 or IPV6ADDRESS/112.

But when you actually key in the IPv6 address on a system, that /64 or /112 will convert to a hexadecimal number that’ll be in the middle of the IPv6 Address.

So when you see an IPv6 address, while it is really long, it actually includes the Network Address: Subnet: Device IP Address in that long address string. More on this in the “Understand IPv6 Addressing” section below

rfcs

https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2460.txt (December 1998) Network Working Group, S. Deering (Cisco), R. Hinden (Nokia)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6

  • larger address space (128 bits, compared with 32 bits in IPv4, allowing 2^128 = 340.282.366.920.938.463.463.374.607.431.770.000.000 devices(addresses) to be registered, while IPv4 allowed only 2^32 = 4.294.967.296 devices to be directly connected with the Internet (in the same Network) more than stars in the universe 10^22 to 10^24 stars in the Universe)
  • IPv6 specifies a new packet format, designed to minimize packet header processing by routers.[2][11] Because the headers of IPv4 packets and IPv6 packets are significantly different, the two protocols are not interoperable. However, in most respects, IPv6 is an extension of IPv4. Most transport and application-layer protocols need little or no change to operate over IPv6; exceptions are application protocols that embed Internet-layer addresses, such as File Transfer Protocol (FTP) and Network Time Protocol (NTP), where the new address format may cause conflicts with existing protocol syntax.

Anatomy of IPv6 Address

HEX not DECIMAL enumeration/Encoding :-D is used.

An IPv6 Address consists of 8x segments separated by :

Each Segment consists of 4x HEX Digits

HEX: FFFF = DEC: 65535 = BIN: 11111111 11111111 (2x Bytes are needed for each segment, so a full IPv6 address needs So a full IPv6 address Needs 128Bits = 16Bytes

examples:

 2001:4860:0000:2001:0000:0000:0000:0068
 \-> Global Routing Prefix: 2001:4860:0000 (Subnet: 2001)
                     \-> InterfaceID: 0000:0000:0000:0068

linux: inet6 Adresse: fe80::215:5dff:fe00:709/64

windows: fe80::d8f3:d333:f2c0:1084%9

(IPv6 LAN APIPA (self asigned addresses if no DHCPv6 is present) )

:0000: may be written/appreviated as ::

IPv6 Multicast Address:

FF00::/8
(DEC: 65280)

loopbackV6

 ping -6 ::1

equals:

 ping -6 0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001

IPv6 Working-group members

were J. Allard (Microsoft), Steve Bellovin (AT&T), Jim Bound (Digital Equipment Corporation), Ross Callon (Wellfleet), Brian Carpenter (CERN), Dave Clark (MIT), John Curran (NEARNET), Steve Deering (ex-Xerox, now Cisco), Dino Farinacci (Cisco), Paul Francis (NTT), Eric Fleischmann (Boeing), Mark Knopper (Ameritech), Greg Minshall (Novell), Rob Ullmann (Lotus), and Lixia Zhang (Xerox).[10]

 

Links:

https://dwaves.de/2017/04/14/why-ipv6-is-great-for-mass-surveillance-its-better-for-tracking-criminals-goodbye-rapidshare/

https://www.ripe.net/publications/ipv6-info-centre/about-ipv6/ipv4-exhaustion/ipv4-available-pool-graph

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